• Latest
  • Trending
  • All
The state-of-the-art Earth science satellites launching in the near future will be generating unprecedented quantities of data on our planet’s vital signs. Cloud computing will help researchers make the most of those troves of information.

Could We Live Here? Meet the Scorching Super-Earth That Defies the Odds!

November 16, 2024
Supermassive black holes at the centers of galaxies emit radiation and ultra-fast winds into space. Here is an artist's visualization. Credit: NASA, JPL-Caltech

Black Hole Winds May Be Firing the Universe’s Most Powerful Particles

May 24, 2025
March Solar X-flare from IRIS and SDO

The Next Solar Superstorm Could Be Days Away—Are We Ready to Respond?

May 22, 2025
ADVERTISEMENT
Artist's conception of a "Hot Jupiter", like Puli. Credit - ESO/L. Calçada.

The Planet That Hides in Time: How Astronomers Caught a Cosmic Phantom

May 21, 2025
An illustration of Jupiter with magnetic field lines emitting from its poles. Credit: Credit: K. Batygin

Scientists Just Found Evidence of a Supercharged Jupiter You’ve Never Met

May 20, 2025
This NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope image features a cloudscape in the Large Magellanic Cloud., a dwarf satellite galaxy of the Milky Way. Credit: ESA/Hubble & NASA, C. Murray

NASA Just Photographed a Galaxy That Looks Like Cotton Candy—and It’s Real

May 19, 2025
DESI has made the largest 3D map of our universe to date. Earth is at the center of this thin slice of the full map. Credit: Claire Lamman/DESI collaboration

Is the Universe Expanding Weirdly Because Dark Matter Is Evolving?

May 19, 2025
ESA astronaut Samantha Cristoforetti took this picture of aurora borealis from the ISS on Dec. 9, 2014

Auroras on Mars? Yes, and Astronauts Might See Them Too

May 18, 2025
This illustration depicts a conceptual Lunar Crater Radio Telescope on the Moon’s far side. The early-stage concept is being studied under grant funding from the NASA Innovative Advanced Concepts program but is not a NASA mission. Credit: Vladimir Vustyansky

Dark Ages Explorer: How Europe Plans to Illuminate the Universe’s Oldest Secrets

May 17, 2025
Artist impression of the water snowline around the young star V883 Orionis, as detected with ALMA. Credit: A. Angelich (NRAO/AUI/NSF)

Webb Telescope Discovers Frozen Water in Alien Solar System

May 15, 2025
Gamma-ray burst [GRB]. Credit: Cruz Dewilde/ NASA SWIFT.

This Gamma-Ray Burst Lasted 51 Seconds—and Broke Every Rule

May 14, 2025
Credit: Pixabay/CC0 Public Domain

Born Together, Worlds Apart? Astronomers Explore Planet Twins in Binary Stars

May 14, 2025
Artist’s conception of the extrasolar ring system circling the young giant planet or brown dwarf J1407b. The rings are shown eclipsing the young Sun-like star J1407, as they would have appeared in early 2007. Credit: Ron Miller

Thousands of Exoplanets Found—Are Rings the Next Big Discovery?

May 13, 2025
ADVERTISEMENT
NASA Space News
No Result
View All Result
  • Home
  • News
  • Privacy Policy
  • ABOUT US
  • DISCLAIMER
  • Contact Us
NASA Space News
No Result
View All Result
ADVERTISEMENT
Home Astronomy

Could We Live Here? Meet the Scorching Super-Earth That Defies the Odds!

by nasaspacenews
November 16, 2024
in Astronomy, Astrophysics, Earth, News, Others, Planets
0
The state-of-the-art Earth science satellites launching in the near future will be generating unprecedented quantities of data on our planet’s vital signs. Cloud computing will help researchers make the most of those troves of information.

NASA Earth Observatory

ADVERTISEMENT
Share on FacebookShare on Twitter

The cosmos never ceases to amaze, and the recent discovery of the K2-360 planetary system is no exception. This system, located about 750 light-years from Earth, is home to two fascinating planets: an ultra-dense “super-Earth,” K2-360 b, and a massive outer companion, K2-360 c.

An Overview of the K2-360 System

The K2-360 system stands out for its two planets’ intriguing features. K2-360 b, a super-Earth, orbits its sun-like star in just 21 hours—earning it the title of an ultra-short period planet. At 1.6 times the size of Earth but 7.7 times its mass, K2-360 b is as dense as lead, making it the densest well-characterized planet in its category. Meanwhile, K2-360 c, an outer companion planet with at least 15 Earth masses, completes its orbit in 9.8 days. Together, these planets offer a unique laboratory for studying planetary dynamics and the processes that govern their formation.

K2-360 b: The Ultra-Dense Super-Earth

K2-360 b’s extreme density sets it apart from other planets in its class. Packing nearly eight Earth masses into a volume only slightly larger than our planet, it defies conventional expectations. This extraordinary density suggests that K2-360 b may be the stripped core of a much larger planet that lost its outer layers due to intense stellar radiation.

Its composition is particularly intriguing. Scientists estimate that K2-360 b has a substantial iron core, accounting for about 48% of its total mass, surrounded by a rocky mantle. This composition makes it more similar to Earth than Mercury, despite its extreme density. Given its proximity to its star, K2-360 b likely experiences scorching temperatures, leaving its surface molten or partially molten.

The Role of K2-360 c in System Dynamics

The presence of K2-360 c adds another layer of complexity to the system. Although this outer planet does not transit its star, its gravitational interactions with the host star and K2-360 b reveal its significant influence. Researchers propose that K2-360 c may have driven K2-360 b into its current tight orbit through a process known as high-eccentricity migration. This mechanism involves gravitational interactions that initially make the inner planet’s orbit highly elliptical. Over time, tidal forces circularize the orbit, leaving the planet in its ultra-short period configuration.

High-eccentricity migration challenges traditional theories of planetary migration, which often attribute the inward movement of planets to interactions with their natal gas disks. In the case of K2-360 b, the gravitational push from K2-360 c provides a compelling alternative explanation, highlighting the diverse pathways through which planets can evolve.

Implications for Planetary Formation Theories

The discovery of the K2-360 system poses significant challenges to existing theories of planetary formation and evolution. Ultra-short period planets like K2-360 b are relatively rare, and finding one with such an extreme density is even more unusual. The system’s architecture, featuring a dense inner planet and a massive outer companion, raises questions about the processes that shape planetary systems in extreme environments.

Theories suggest that close-in planets like K2-360 b may have originally formed farther from their stars, where temperatures allowed for the accumulation of volatile materials. Over time, gravitational interactions with other planets or the protoplanetary disk could have driven these planets inward. In the case of K2-360 b, its stripped core indicates that it may have once been a larger planet with a gaseous envelope, which was subsequently lost due to intense radiation from its host star.

How K2-360 Was Discovered

The discovery of K2-360 b and c is a testament to the power of modern astronomical techniques. NASA’s K2 mission, a follow-up to the Kepler mission, played a crucial role in detecting K2-360 b. By observing periodic dips in the star’s brightness as the planet transited, scientists were able to infer its size and orbital period.

ADVERTISEMENT

Follow-up observations with ground-based telescopes provided additional data. Instruments like HARPS and HARPS-N, which measure the radial velocity of stars, revealed the presence of K2-360 c by detecting the subtle wobble it induces in the host star. These observations confirmed the planet’s minimum mass and hinted at its potential role in shaping the system’s dynamics.

Future Research Directions

The K2-360 system represents a promising target for future research. Advanced telescopes, such as the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) and the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA), could provide deeper insights into the system’s characteristics. By studying the atmospheric composition of K2-360 b and investigating the orbital dynamics of K2-360 c, scientists hope to uncover more details about the processes that govern planetary evolution.

Understanding systems like K2-360 could also inform the search for exoplanets with similar characteristics. The extreme environments of ultra-short period planets offer valuable clues about the diversity of planetary systems and the factors that influence their development.

Conclusion

The K2-360 system is a shining example of the complexity and diversity of planetary systems in the universe. From the ultra-dense super-Earth K2-360 b to the massive outer companion K2-360 c, this system offers a wealth of opportunities for scientific exploration. Its unique characteristics challenge existing theories, inspire new models, and deepen our understanding of the processes that govern planetary formation and evolution.

Reference:

John H. Livingston et al, An ultra-short-period super-Earth with an extremely high density and an outer companion, Scientific Reports (2024). DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-76490-y

Tags: astronomyastrophysicsexoplanet researchextreme planetshabitable planetsK2-360 bmolten super-earthNASA discoveriesnew planet discoverynew planet foundorbiting planetsplanet formationplanetary evolutionPlanetary Sciencespace explorationspace newssuper-earthsuper-earth densityultra-dense planet

FEATURED POST

Supermassive black holes at the centers of galaxies emit radiation and ultra-fast winds into space. Here is an artist's visualization. Credit: NASA, JPL-Caltech

Black Hole Winds May Be Firing the Universe’s Most Powerful Particles

May 24, 2025
March Solar X-flare from IRIS and SDO

The Next Solar Superstorm Could Be Days Away—Are We Ready to Respond?

May 22, 2025
Artist's conception of a "Hot Jupiter", like Puli. Credit - ESO/L. Calçada.

The Planet That Hides in Time: How Astronomers Caught a Cosmic Phantom

May 21, 2025
An illustration of Jupiter with magnetic field lines emitting from its poles. Credit: Credit: K. Batygin

Scientists Just Found Evidence of a Supercharged Jupiter You’ve Never Met

May 20, 2025

EDITOR PICK'S

Black Hole Winds May Be Firing the Universe’s Most Powerful Particles

May 24, 2025

The Next Solar Superstorm Could Be Days Away—Are We Ready to Respond?

May 22, 2025

The Planet That Hides in Time: How Astronomers Caught a Cosmic Phantom

May 21, 2025

Scientists Just Found Evidence of a Supercharged Jupiter You’ve Never Met

May 20, 2025

NASA Just Photographed a Galaxy That Looks Like Cotton Candy—and It’s Real

May 19, 2025

Is the Universe Expanding Weirdly Because Dark Matter Is Evolving?

May 19, 2025

Auroras on Mars? Yes, and Astronauts Might See Them Too

May 18, 2025

STAY CONNECTED

Recent News

Supermassive black holes at the centers of galaxies emit radiation and ultra-fast winds into space. Here is an artist's visualization. Credit: NASA, JPL-Caltech

Black Hole Winds May Be Firing the Universe’s Most Powerful Particles

May 24, 2025
March Solar X-flare from IRIS and SDO

The Next Solar Superstorm Could Be Days Away—Are We Ready to Respond?

May 22, 2025

Category

  • Asteroid
  • Astrobiology
  • Astrology
  • Astronomy
  • Astrophotography
  • Astrophysics
  • Auroras
  • Black holes
  • Comets
  • Cosmology
  • Dark energy
  • Dark Matter
  • Earth
  • Euclid
  • Exoplanets
  • Galaxies
  • Jupiter
  • JWST
  • Mars
  • Mercury
  • Meteor showers
  • Moon
  • Neptune
  • News
  • Others
  • Planets
  • QuantumPhysics
  • quasars
  • Rocks
  • Saturn
  • solar storm
  • Solar System
  • stars
  • sun
  • Universe
  • Uranus
  • Venus
  • Voyager

We bring you the latest news and updates in space exploration, innovation, and astronomy.

  • ABOUT US
  • CONTACT US
  • DISCLAIMER
  • PRIVACY POLICY

© 2025 NASA Space News

No Result
View All Result
  • Home
  • News
  • Privacy Policy
  • ABOUT US
  • DISCLAIMER
  • Contact Us

© 2025 NASA Space News

Welcome Back!

Sign In with Facebook
Sign In with Google
Sign In with Linked In
OR

Login to your account below

Forgotten Password?

Retrieve your password

Please enter your username or email address to reset your password.

Log In

Add New Playlist